Phrasal verbo keep

La verbo keep estas aro de valoroj. La ĉefaj estas: 1) konservi; 2) vendejo; 3) retener.

Sed tio ne estas ĉiu. El sola verbo povas akiri multajn aliajn valorojn, aldonante iuj prepozicioj. Ni rigardu ĉiuj eblaj ebloj phrasal verbo keep

1. Keep ahead — resti antaŭ, avanci en la kazoj studoj.
   

   Tom had difficulties at work, but he managed to keep ahead and to be promoted. – sukcesis konservi antaŭen kaj vagi. Tom had difficulties at work, but he managed to keep ahead and to be promoted. – Tom had difficulties at work, but he managed to keep ahead and to be promoted. – Tom havis malfacilaĵojn en la laboro, sed li povis movi antaŭen kaj akiri antaŭenigita.

2. Keep away from — Evitu (laŭvorte kaj figure).
   

   He tried to keep away from that woman, he was really very shy. – li estis vere tre timema. He tried to keep away from that woman, he was really very shy. – He tried to keep away from that woman, he was really very shy. – Li provis eviti la virino, li estis nekredeble timema.

   The doctor advised John to keep away from cigarettes. – cigaredoj. The doctor advised John to keep away from cigarettes. – The doctor advised John to keep away from cigarettes. – Dr. John konsilis abstini de cigaredoj.

3. Keep back — 1) por kaŝi, por bridi (emocioj); 2) prokrasti, tenu.
   

   She tried to keep the accident back. – She tried to keep the accident back. – Ŝi penis kaŝi la akcidenton.

   I asked the shop assistant to keep the skirt back for one hour. – jupon reen por unu horo. I asked the shop assistant to keep the skirt back for one hour. – I asked the shop assistant to keep the skirt back for one hour. – Mi demandis la vendisto prokrasti horo jupo.

4. Keep down — 1) prokrasti la kresko, malhelpi la evoluo; 2) suppress (ribelo sento); 3) deteni de vomado; 4) lasi por la dua jaro.
   

   The high taxes always keep down small-scale business. – negoco. The high taxes always keep down small-scale business. – The high taxes always keep down small-scale business. – Alta impostoj ĉiam malhelpas la disvolviĝon de malgrandaj entreprenoj.

   Jack met his love but she was married, so he had to keep down his feelings. – do li devis teni sian sentojn. Jack met his love but she was married, so he had to keep down his feelings. – Jack met his love but she was married, so he had to keep down his feelings. – Jack renkontis sian amon, sed ŝi estis geedzita, do li devis subpremi siajn sentojn.

   He can’t keep down his food. – He can’t keep down his food. – Liaj larmoj tutan tempon.

   Mark failed his examinations again, so the committee decided to keep him down. – komitato decidis ligi lin. Mark failed his examinations again, so the committee decided to keep him down. – Mark failed his examinations again, so the committee decided to keep him down. – Mark denove malsukcesis la ekzamenoj, tial la komisiono decidis forlasi ĝin en la dua jaro.

5. Keep in — 1) Subteno; 2) enhavis.
   

   We spent that night in the forest, so somebody had to keep in fire. – do iu devis teni en fajro. We spent that night in the forest, so somebody had to keep in fire. – We spent that night in the forest, so somebody had to keep in fire. – Tiun nokton ni pasigis en la arbaro, do iu devis teni la fajron brulanta.

   Sarah tried to keep her disappointment in, but it was difficult not to notice it. – sed estis malfacile ne rimarki ĝin. Sarah tried to keep her disappointment in, but it was difficult not to notice it. – Sarah tried to keep her disappointment in, but it was difficult not to notice it. – Sara provis teni reen sian seniluziiĝon, sed estis malfacile ne rimarki.

6. Keep off — 1) forteni, teni for; 2) prokrasti.
   

   Keep off! – Keep off! – Back!

   An apple won’t keep off your hunger. – An apple won’t keep off your hunger. – Apple ne estingi vian malsaton.

7. Keep on — 1) daŭrigi fari ion; 2) teni en la sama pozicio; 3) Por daŭrigi agi persisti; 4) etendi la arrendamiento.
   

   We wanted to soothe the child, but she kept on crying. – ŝi ploradis. We wanted to soothe the child, but she kept on crying. – We wanted to soothe the child, but she kept on crying. – Ni volus trankviligi la infanon, sed ŝi daŭre ploras.

   Bred decided to keep on at his job, he didn’t see other prospects. – li ne vidis aliajn perspektivojn. Bred decided to keep on at his job, he didn’t see other prospects. – Bred decided to keep on at his job, he didn’t see other prospects. – Brad decidis resti ĉe sia tasko, li ne vidis aliajn perspektivojn.

   Keep on with your work, however hard it seems to be. – ĝi ŝajnas esti. Keep on with your work, however hard it seems to be. – Keep on with your work, however hard it seems to be. – Daŭrigu labori kvazaŭ ĝi ne ŝajnis malfacile.

   I decided to stay in Paris for another week, that’s why I kept my flat on. – semajno, jen kial mi tenis mian apartamenton sur. I decided to stay in Paris for another week, that’s why I kept my flat on. – I decided to stay in Paris for another week, that’s why I kept my flat on. – Mi decidis resti en Parizo por semajno, do mi etendis la luo.

8. Keep out of — 1) ne lasu (iu); 2) resti for nenion.
   

   Keep them out of the lab. It’s very dangerous! – Keep them out of the lab. It’s very dangerous! – Ne lasu ilin iri al la laboratorio. Tio estas tre danĝera!

   He always tried to keep out of problems, but they were chasing him. – sed ili persekutis lin. He always tried to keep out of problems, but they were chasing him. – He always tried to keep out of problems, but they were chasing him. – Li ĉiam klopodis eviti problemojn, sed ili postkuris lin.

9. Keep together — restas kunigitaj, por kuniĝinta.
   

   That was the very difficult situation, so the family tried to keep together. – la familio provis konservi kune. That was the very difficult situation, so the family tried to keep together. – That was the very difficult situation, so the family tried to keep together. – La situacio estis tre malfacila, tial la familio provas resti kune.

10. Keep under — 1) konservi submetigxu; 2) preventi (kresko, evoluo).
    

    Jim kept 200 employees under. – Jim kept 200 employees under. – Jim gardis submetigxu 200 oficistoj.

    Doctors tried to keep the epidemy under. – Doctors tried to keep the epidemy under. – Kuracistoj provis malhelpi epidemion.

11. Keep up — 1) Subteno; 2) subteni en bona ordo; 3) konformiĝi; 4) esti ĉe par.
    

    Though they haven’t seen each other for 5 years, they still keep up the correspondence. – Though they haven’t seen each other for 5 years, they still keep up the correspondence. – Kvankam ili ne vidis dum 5 jaroj, ili daŭre konservis korespondadon.

    She is a housewife, that’s why she has to keep up the house. – ŝi devas teni supre la domo. She is a housewife, that’s why she has to keep up the house. – She is a housewife, that’s why she has to keep up the house. – Ŝi estas dommastrino, do ŝi devas teni la domon en ordo.

    Though they immigrated in Canada, they still keep up Ukrainian traditions. – tenas supre Ukraina tradiciojn. Though they immigrated in Canada, they still keep up Ukrainian traditions. – Though they immigrated in Canada, they still keep up Ukrainian traditions. – Kvankam ili moviĝis al Kanado, ili ankoraŭ aliĝas al ukrainaj tradicioj.

    It’s difficult to keep up with the best companies, but the result deserves efforts. – plej bonaj kompanioj, sed la rezulto meritas penojn. It’s difficult to keep up with the best companies, but the result deserves efforts. – It’s difficult to keep up with the best companies, but the result deserves efforts. – Ĝi estas malfacile esti al la paro kun la plej bonaj kompanioj, sed la rezulto valoras la peno.

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